Adnoddau > Sgiliau cyfieithu
Mae cyfieithu ysgrifenedig a chyfieithu ar y pryd yn sgiliau arbenigol, ac nid yw gallu siarad ac ysgrifennu dwy iaith yn ddigon i fod yn gyfieithydd neu'n gyfieithydd ar y pryd da.
Mae llawer o agweddau ar y gwaith sy’n golygu bod yn rhaid i chi fod yn fanwl iawn wrth ddarllen a dehongli testun, ysgrifennu a mynegi, gwneud penderfyniadau am gywair ac arddull neu ddatgymalu ac ailffurfio iaith lafar. Ar ben hynny bydd cyfieithydd da yn deall materion cyfoes yn ei wlad ac yn rhyngwladol, a hynny yn yr holl ieithoedd y mae’n gweithio ynddynt. Bydd yn diweddaru ei wybodaeth am y pynciau mae’n eu cyfieithu, a bydd yn darllen cymaint ag y mae’n gallu mewn ystod eang o bynciau er mwyn cael gwybodaeth ar flaenau ei fysedd.
Gan fod cyfieithu neu gyfieithu ar y pryd yn sgil mor arbenigol, a chan fod y proffesiwn yn cyffwrdd â phynciau eraill megis ieithyddiaeth, cyfathrebu a thechnoleg, astudiaethau diwylliannol, hanes, gwleidyddiaeth a chrefydd, mae pobl wedi astudio cyfieithu/cyfieithu ar y pryd yn ei holl agweddau.
Hoffem yma roi blas i chi o'r agweddau sy’n bwysig i gyfieithydd eu hystyried yn ei waith o ddydd i ddydd. Ni ddylech feddwl nad oes a wnelo’r trafodaethau hyn â’ch gwaith ymarferol; bydd llawer ohonynt yn swnio’n gyfarwydd i chi, a pheth da yw cymryd amser o bryd i’w gilydd i feddwl am yr hyn sy'n digwydd yn y broses drosi, naill ai'n ysgrifenedig neu ar y pryd.
Sgiliau arbenigol
Yn y llyfryddiaethau ar y tudalennau yma cewch ddetholiad o gyfrolau sy’n trafod cyfieithu yn gyffredinol neu agwedd ar gyfieithu. Mae nifer o gyhoeddwyr a chylchgronau yn arbenigo mewn cyfieithu/cyfieithu ar y pryd, a bydd eu rhestrau o lyfrau ac erthyglau yn tyfu'n gyson.
Os dewch chi ar draws rhywbeth a ddylai fod ar y rhestr hon, rhowch wybod i ni!
Cyfieithu yn gyffredinol – cyfrolau Cymraeg
| Dechrau Cyfieithu (Llyfr ymarferion i rai syn dechrau ymddiddori mewn cyfieithu) |
| Ysgrifau a Chanllawiau Cyfieithu Gol. Delyth Prys a Robat Trefor, Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, 2015 |
Cyfieithu yn gyffredinol
| Approaches to Translation Peter Newmark, Oxford Pergamon Press, 1981 |
| Contemporary Translation Theories Edwin Gentzler, London, Routledge, 1993 |
| Discourse and the Translator Basil Hatim ac Ian Mason, London, Longman, 1990 |
| Pathways to Translation Donald C. Kilray, Kent State University Press, 1995 |
| Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies Mona Baker, London/New York, 1998 |
| Translation as Text Albrecht Neubert a Gregory Shreve, Kent State University Press, 1992 |
| Text Analysis in Translation. Theory, Methodology and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-oriented Text Analysis Christiane Nord, Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1991 |
| The Translator’s Handbook Catriona Picken, London, Aslib, 1996 |
| The Translator’s Invisibility. A History of Translation Lawrence Venuti, London, 1995 |
| Translation Studies. An Integrated approach Mary Snell-Hornby, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 1988 |
| Translating as a Purposeful Activity Christiane Nord, Manchester, St Jerome, 1997 |
| Translation as Intercultural Communication Snell-Hornby, Jettmarova & Kaindl, Amsterdam, 1997 |
Meysydd penodol
| Advertising Worldwide Marieke De Mooij, London, Prentice Hall, 1994 |
| A Skopos Theory of Translation Hans Vermeer, Heidelberg, TEXTconTEXT, 1996 |
| Gender and Translation. Translation in an ‘Era of Feminism’ Luise von Flotow, Manchester, 1997 |
| International Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Law Wilhelm Nordemann et al., Weinheim, 1990 |
| Multilingualism in Specialist Communication Gerhard Budin, Vienna, International Network for Terminology, 1996 |
| Orality and Literacy. The Technologizing of the Word Walter Ong, London/New York, 1982 |
| Subject-oriented Texts – Languages for Special Purposes and Text Theory Hartmut Schröder (gol.), Berlin/New York, de Gruyter, 1991 |
| Traductio. Essays on Punning and Translation Dirk Delabastita, Manchester, St Jerome, 1997 |
Cyfieithu ar y pryd
| Advice to students wishing to become conference interpreters AIIC, Geneva, 1993 |
| Aspects of Applied and Experimental Research on Conference Interpretation Laura Gran a Christopher Tayol, Udine, Campanotto, 1990 |
| Bridging the Gap: Empirical research in simultaneous interpretation Sylvie Lambert a Barbara Moser-Mercer, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 1994 |
| Conference Interpreting Explained Roderic Jones, Manchester, St Jerome, 1998 |
| Court Interpreting: A Survey of Needs, Services and Problems in Criminal Proceedings Ellen Moerman, London, 1993 |
| Topics in Interpreting Research Jorma Tommola, University of Turku Centre for Translation and Interpreting, 1995 |
| The Bilingual Courtroom. Court Interpreters in the Judicial Process Susan Berg-Seligson, University of Chicago Press, 1990 |
| The Critical Link: Interpreters in the Community Silvana Carr, Roda Roberts et al, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 1997 |
| The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Teaching Conference Interpretation. Proceedings of the Trieste Symposium 1986, Laura Gran a John Dodds, Udine, Campanotto, 1989 |
Cyfieithu i'r cyfryngau
| A Guide to Writing Subtitles Mackerras, Judy, London, Royal Opera House Covent Garden, 1991 |
| Overcoming Language Barriers in Television Luyken, Georg-Michael et al, Manchester, European Institute for the Media, 1991 |
| Subtitling for the Media Ivarsson, Jan, Stockholm, Transedit, 1992 |
Dysgu ac asesu cyfieithu/cyfieithu ar y pryd
| Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training Gile, Daniel, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, Benjamins, 1995 |
| Teaching Translation and Interpreting. Training, Talent and Experience Dollerup, Cay/Loddegaard, Anne (goln), Amsterdam/Philadelphia, Benjamins, 1992 |
| Training the Translator Kußmaul, Paul, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 1995 |
| Translation Quality Assessment A Model revisited. House, Juliane, Tübingen, Narr, 1997 |
Cyfieithu llenyddiaeth
| I Am Me – I Am Other: On the Dialogics of Translating for Children Oittinen, Riitta, Tampere, University Press, 1997 |
| Page to Stage. Theatre Translation Zuber-Skerrit, Ortun, Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1984 |
| The Language of Metaphors Goatly, Andrew, London, Routledge, 1997 |
| The Poet’s Other Voice: Conversations on Literary Translation Honig, Edwin, Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 1985 |
| Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame Lefevere, André, London/New York, 1992 |
Cyfieithu technegol
| Document Design with Translation in Mind Spalink, Karen’ Intercom, 1995 |
| Quality of Technical Documentation Steehouder, Michael et al, Amsterdam/Atlanta, Rodopi, 1994 |
| Scientific and Technical Translation Wright/Wright (goln), Amsterdam/Philadelphia, Benjamins, 1993 |
| Technical Writing and Professional Communication For Non-native Speakers of English Uckin, Thomas/Olsen, Leslie, New York, McGraw Hill 1991 |
Cyfieithu peirianyddol/cymhorthion cyfieithu technegol
| Computers in Translation. A Practical Appraisal. Newton, Jo, London, Routledge, 1992 |
| Evaluation Methods for Machine Translation Systems: An Historical Overview and a Critical Account. ISSCO Working Paper Falkedal, K., Geneva, 1992 |
| Language Engineering and Translation. Consequences of Automation. Sager, JC, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 1993 |
| Linguistic Modelling for Multilingual Machine Translation. Streiter, O, Aachen, Shaker, 1996 |
| Machine Translation. An Introductory Guide. Arnold, D/Balkan, L/Humphreys, L et al, London, NCC Blackwell, 1994 |
| Machine Translation and Translation Theory. Hauenschild, Christa/Heizmann, Susanne (goln), Berlin/New York, de Gruyter, 1997 |
| Writing Localizable Software for the Macintosh. Carter, Daniel, Reading/Mass, Addison-Wesley, 1991 |
Cylchgronau a chyfnodolion
| Babel |
| International Anthologies of Literature in Translation Interpreting |
| Lebende Sprachen |
| Meta |
| Multilingua |
| TARGET International Journal of Translation Studies |
| The Interpreters’ Newsletter |
| The Translator |
| Translation Review |
Safonau rhyngwladol (ISO)
| ISO 1087. Terminology – Vocabulary. Geneva: ISO 1990. |
| ISO 12620. Terminology – Computer applications – Data Categories. Geneva: ISO 1997 |
| ISO 2603. Booths for Simultaneous Interpretation – General characteristics and equipment. Geneva: ISO 1983/1993. |
| ISO 4043. Booths for Simultaneous Interpretation – Mobile Booths – General characteristics and equipment. Geneva: ISO 1981. |